Data study · Indoor farming

UK Indoor Lettuce Yield Data: DWC vs NFT benchmarks

Real trial data from our Metro Farms shelves — sortable by variety, system and DLI so you can benchmark your own grow against proven indoor UK figures.

The short answer: at DLI 17 mol/m²/d, Oakleaf in DWC delivered the highest yield at 128 g/plant in 23 days. DWC outperforms NFT by 8–13% on fresh weight across all varieties tested. Raising DLI from 12 to 17 adds 25–40% yield with no other changes.
128gPeak yield
23dFastest harvest
+38%DLI 17 vs 12

Yield comparison: DLI 17 mol/m²/d, all varieties

The chart below compares fresh-weight yield per plant at DLI 17 across both systems. Oakleaf is the standout performer in DWC; all varieties show meaningful gains from the higher daily light integral.

Fresh-weight yield (g/plant) at DLI 17

DWC NFT
Bar chart: lettuce yield at DLI 17 Grouped bar chart comparing DWC (blue) vs NFT (purple) yield in grams per plant for Butterhead, Cos/Romaine, Oakleaf, and Little Gem lettuce varieties at DLI 17 mol per square metre per day 0 40 80 120 160 118 109 Butterhead 105 97 Cos/Romaine 128 118 Oakleaf 95 88 Little Gem Yield g/plant

Full dataset — sortable

Click any column header to sort. All 14 trial runs included. DLI is daily light integral in mol/m²/d; yield is fresh weight per plant at harvest.

Metro Farms indoor lettuce yield trial data, UK, 2026. Full-spectrum LED, EC 1.4, pH 6.0.
Variety System DLI Yield (g/plant) Days to harvest Water (L/plant)
Butterhead DWC 12 85 28 4.2
Butterhead DWC 17 118 25 5.1
Butterhead NFT 12 78 30 3.8
Butterhead NFT 17 109 27 4.6
Cos/Romaine DWC 12 72 32 4.8
Cos/Romaine DWC 17 105 29 5.9
Cos/Romaine NFT 12 66 35 4.2
Cos/Romaine NFT 17 97 31 5.3
Oakleaf DWC 12 92 26 3.9
Oakleaf DWC 17 128 23 4.7
Oakleaf NFT 12 84 28 3.5
Oakleaf NFT 17 118 25 4.2
Little Gem DWC 17 95 24 4.4
Little Gem NFT 17 88 26 3.9

14 trial runs. EC 1.4–1.6 mS/cm, pH 6.0±0.2, 20/4 light schedule, 20–22°C air, 65% RH. Transplanted at 10-day-old seedlings. Data is mean of 3 replicate trays per condition.

People also ask

Which hydroponic system produces the most lettuce?

In our UK indoor trials, DWC (Deep Water Culture) produced 8–13% higher fresh-weight yield than NFT across all varieties at equivalent DLI. The larger reservoir volume in DWC buffers nutrient and pH fluctuations, reducing plant stress. NFT has lower water use per plant (3.5–4.6L vs 3.9–5.9L in DWC) and is preferred at commercial scale where water efficiency and harvest logistics matter more than maximum per-plant yield.

What DLI is best for indoor lettuce?

Our data shows a 25–40% yield increase when DLI moves from 12 to 17 mol/m²/d, with no signs of light saturation at 17. Most professional lettuce operations target 15–20 mol/m²/d. Below 10 mol/m²/d, growth is noticeably suppressed; above 20 mol/m²/d, leafy greens can show tip-burn from elevated transpiration unless calcium levels and airflow are increased in parallel.

How long does indoor lettuce take to grow?

In our trials, from transplant (10-day seedlings) to harvest: Oakleaf at DLI 17 in DWC took 23 days (fastest), Butterhead at DLI 17 took 25–27 days, and Cos/Romaine at DLI 12 in NFT took 35 days (slowest). Total time from seed is roughly 10 days longer in each case. Higher DLI shaves 3–5 days off harvest time in all varieties.

Which lettuce variety is best for indoor growing?

Oakleaf delivered the highest absolute yield (128g/plant, DWC, DLI 17) and the fastest harvest. Butterhead is the most forgiving under variable conditions and the most commercially familiar variety. Cos/Romaine takes longest but has a premium price point in UK retail. Little Gem is compact — suited to tight spacing — and matures quickly at high DLI.

Hit 128g/plant

The right light is the biggest lever

DLI 17 adds 38% yield over DLI 12 with no other changes. The Samsung-chip board we use on our shelves is the one that produced these numbers.